果樹缺鐵黃化研究進展
作物缺鈣,誰是罪魁禍首?
氮、磷、鉀過量施用,有什么嚴重危害?
園藝植物營養診斷標準
鈣鎂鉀肥的重要性
肥料含有多種元素,不同作物、不同土壤、不同時期所需元素及用量均有所區別,但是這些元素相互之間有著怎樣的關系? 哪些元素會有拮抗作用?這些基本的問題可得掌握,日后施肥用得上!讓我們就一起來學習一下。
Boron is an essential micronutrient to plants and is involved in functions such as meristematic growth and cellular differentiation, maturation, division and elongation. Many species vary in their requirements for boron and, usually, there is a narrow range between adequate and toxic levels of boron.硼是植物必需的微量營養素,參與分生組織生長和細胞分化、成熟、分裂和伸長等功能。許多物種對硼的需求量各不相同,通常,硼的充足水平和毒性水平之間的范圍很窄。
摘要:硼是一種重要的植物微量營養元素,主要以硼酸的形式通過根系吸收。其在植物代謝中的重要作用涉及具有順式二醇基團分子的穩定。該元素涉及細胞壁和膜的結構和功能;因此,它參與許多離子、代謝物和激素轉運反應。硼在缺乏和毒性之間的范圍極窄,硼供應不足會對農業植物的產量產生不利影響。缺硼問題可以通過施肥來解決,而土壤硼毒性可以通過各種方式來改善;然而,這些方法成本高、耗時長,而且往往會產生暫時的效果。植物物種以及物種內的基因型在硼需求方面存在顯著差異;因此,土壤可利用的硼對一種作物缺乏,可能會對另一種作物產生毒性影響。關于硼利用效率和毒性耐受性的廣泛記錄的種內遺傳變異性,加上硼的生理學和遺傳學知識,應引導開發高效和耐受的品種,這可能是硼供應不足或過量問題的長期可持續解決方案。
Abstract: Boron is an essential plant micronutrient taken up via the roots mostly in the form of boric acid. Its important role in plant metabolism involves the stabilization of molecules with cis-diol groups. The element is involved in the cell wall and membrane structure and functioning; therefore, it participates in numerous ion, metabolite, and hormone transport reactions. Boron has an extremely narrow range between deficiency and toxicity, and inadequate boron supply exhibits a detrimental effect on the yield of agricultural plants. The deficiency problem can be solved by fertilization, whereas soil boron toxicity can be ameliorated using various procedures; however, these approaches are costly and time-consuming, and they often show temporary effects. Plant species, as well as the genotypes within the species, dramatically differ in terms of boron requirements; thus, the available soil boron which is deficient for one crop may exhibit toxic effects on another. The widely documented intraspecies genetic variability regarding boron utilization efficiency and toxicity tolerance, together with the knowledge of the physiology and genetics of boron, should result in the development of efficient and tolerant varieties that may represent a long-term sustainable solution for the problem of inadequate or excess boron supply.
硼(B)的毒性最初出現在較低、較老的葉子上。硼中毒的早期癥狀表現為下部葉片起皺和葉緣脈間失綠。起皺最有可能是由于當B的毒性水平存在時,細胞缺乏膨壓引起的。這種褶皺會在葉片表面形成,導致葉片變形。隨著時間的推移,脈間褪綠將向內移動,并在大部分葉片上發展。當供應過量的B時,細胞會迅速死亡,導致壞死斑點。隨著癥狀的發展,褪綠和壞死會在植株上發展到其他葉片。